Launched in 1837, O Panorama [The Panorama] is one of the most significant periodicals of the 19th century. It defined an era and served as a model for other newspapers of its time. Published weekly, though with some interruptions, it continued until 1868, comprising five series: 1837-41, 1842-44, 1846-56, 1857-58, and 1866-68. After the civil war of 1832-34, which pitted liberals against absolutists, the constitutional monarchy was finally established in Portugal. However, this was not its definitive form, as the regime remained a source of (armed) conflict among various liberal factions (Setembrists and Chartists) until approximately the mid-century. Despite periods of heightened political tension, this era witnessed the emergence—or at least the aspiration—of a new society founded on a political, social, and economic model originating in 1820. Of particular importance during this time were the associative movements— rooted in the 18th century and significantly expanding after 1834 (patriotic, scientific, cultural, and industrial societies)—and the periodical press. The press had been evolving steadily since the early 19th century, aided by technical advancements and, crucially, the development of a public space for debate. Both phenomena were marked by considerable growth and ambitious objectives. We must understand O Panorama within the context of these material advancements, broader access to education, and a desire for social "regeneration."

The first indication of a new periodical being prepared—still unnamed but with a clear structure—appeared in the Diário do Governo [Government Gazette] on 21 February 1837. It reported that "some Portuguese citizens, friends of true enlightenment, have conceived a project to disseminate, through a weekly publication, as much useful knowledge as possible, drawing on the vast resources provided by foreign periodicals" ( Diário do Governo , Issue 44, p. 284, 1837). At a time when political debate was intense and the press highly politicised, the founders of O Panorama declared their intention to create a publication where "political matters would not find their way into its columns." This aim was later formalised in Article 49 of the Society's statutes. The premise was to establish an educational and apolitical periodical—free from partisan and political strife—that was independent and focused solely on the dissemination of knowledge.

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