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He attended Gil Vicente and Pedro Nunes Secondary Schools in Lisbon. He graduated in History and Philosophy of Science from the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lisbon (1940), where he taught from 1941 to 1944, but was then compelled to leave due to the discomfort his teaching caused to the Faculty Council. He then went to Paris, where he was hired as a researcher at the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (1947-1960). He obtained his Doctorat d'État from the University of Paris-Sorbonne (1959). Upon returning to Portugal, he became a full professor at the Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Política Ultramarina [Higher Institute of Social Sciences and Overseas Policy] (1960-1962), from which he was removed following the academic crisis of 1962. From 1962 to 1971, he authored and organised several works, after which, back in France, he became a full professor at the University of Clermont-Ferrand (1971-1974). After the revolution of April 25, 1974, , he became a full professor at the Faculty of Human and Social Sciences of the New University of Lisbon, also holding relevant positions for brief periods, such as Minister of Education and Director of the National Library of Lisbon (for more information, see: J. Romero Magalhães, Estudos e Ensaios em Homenagem a Vitorino Magalhães Godinho [Studies and Essays in Homage to Vitorino Magalhães Godinho], 1988, pp. 1-16; Jorge Pedreira, "Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães", 1999, pp. 100-101; Nuno Valério, "Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães", 1996, p. 383; and José Amado Mendes, " A renovação......", 1996, pp. 324-330).
From his extensive bibliography In the field of economic and social history, the following works from his extensive bibliography are particularly noteworthy: Prix et monnaies au Portugal. 1750-1850, (1955); A Economia dos Descobrimentos Henriquinos [The Economy of Henry the Navigator's Discoveries] (1962); Os Descobrimentos e a Economia Mundial [The Discoveries and the World Economy] (1963-1965); Introdução à História Económica [Introduction to Economic History] (1970); Estrutura da Antiga Sociedade Portuguesa [Structure of Ancient Portuguese Society] (1971). Among several other initiatives, his promotion should be noted of the Portuguese Association of Economic and Social History (1980) and the Journal of Economic and Social History, of which he was director (1978-1989).
