From here, he brought a greater reflection of an epistemological nature – contaminating his systematic reflection, one might say, on the other hand excessively tied to the rationalist fixity of the l ó gos – on the History of ideas and culture, eradicating it from the panlogical, provincialist, necessitarian hegemony, showing links in the polyhedral correlation of phenomena, which ‘constitutes one of the most subtle problems of the sociology of science’ ( Idem , III, p.378). Like the Humanists he praised at the dawn of the Modern Age, he aspired to the scrupulous humility of the sage , invoking the ‘manly attitude of conscience that places things in a hierarchy of values’ ( Idem , V, p. 300): he saw knowledge as the access to a ‘truly moral second nature’ and work as the ‘instrument of all human conquests’ ( Idem , p. 305), primarily intellectual work, theoretical leisure, mastery of time, the foundation of social and civilisational progress ( Idem , VI, pp. 288-90). He valued freedom, democracy and the generous apology of cultural and philosophical diversity as the paideutic foundation of being, without alienating the humus, the search for universal dignitas (in other words, the proleps is of Democracy and Freedom, Idem , pp. 257-288, or the unfinished excursus into the History of Education, Idem , pp.298-519), unlike the intellectual officials – who think they are knowledgeable, o sancta simplicitas (cried Nietzsche and Erasmus), and think they know – who give rise to mishaps or have been, in the face of the inhuman, subsisting in the shadow of silence.

Bibliografia activa : CARVALHO, Joaquim de - Obra Completa, [OC] , 8+1 vol.s, Lisboa, Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, d. v., com prefácios/estudos de J. Vitorino Pina Martins

Bibliografia passiva : AAVV (Joaquim MONTEZUMA DE CARVALHO, ed.) Miscelânea de Estudos a Joaquim de Carvalho , Figueira da Foz, Biblioteca-Museu Joaquim de Carvalho, n.º 1 (1959) a n.º 9 (1963); AAVV – Litorais, revista de Estudos Figueirenses , n.º 9, monográfico, Joaquim de Carvalho , Novembro de 2008 (com estudos de P. ARCHER DE CARVALHO, Miguel REAL, Cândida FERREIRA , José Manuel MARTINS e Artur Barracosa MENDONÇA); CARVALHO, José Maurício de– História da Filosofia e tradições culturais. Um diálogo com Joaquim de Carvalh o, Porto Alegre, Edição Edipcrus, 2001; CARVALHO, Paulo Archer de – Sílvio Lima, um místico da razão crítica (da incondicionalidade do amor intellectualis) , Coimbra, tese de dout. pol., FLUC, 2009; Catroga, Fernando – «Joaquim de Carvalho e a História», Homenagem ao Doutor Joaquim de Carvalho no 1º Centenário do seu nascimento , Boletim da Biblioteca da Universidade de Coimbra, 42.º, 1994, 9-16

Paulo Archer de Carvalho

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