This publication was followed by several others, mainly devoted to studying the origins and progress of the teaching of Physical Sciences and Mathematics in Portugal. These piecemeal works led Rómulo de Carvalho to publish a remarkable work in 1978 – História do Gabinete de Física pombalino da Universidade de Coimbra: desde a sua fundação (1772) até ao jubiléu do professor italiano Giovanni Antonio Dalla Bella [History of the Pombaline Physics Office at the University of Coimbra: from its foundation(1772) to the jubilee of the Italian professor Giovanni Antonio Dalla Bella] (1790) – as part of the 2 nd centenary of the Pombaline reform of the University of Coimbra. Rómulo de Carvalho ’ s research into the teaching of Physics extended to related themes because, in his words, ‘by touching on that field we were exploring the subject of Portuguese culture with all its multiple implications’. Thus, in the 1980s, he published works on Experimental Physics, Astronomy , and Natural History in Portugal in the 18 th century, highlighting above all the ‘prestigious position’ that these sciences achieved with the Pombaline reform, ‘within the framework of the programmed subjects’: he released an extensive work on A actividade pedagógica da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa nos séculos XVIII e XIX [Pedagogical activity of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences in the 18th and 19 th centuries] (1981) with a view to leaving ‘amply documented the Academy ’ s interest in the legacy that the Duke of Lafões had bestowed on it, by turning it into the possessor of the excellent collection of more than three hundred pieces of didactic material for the teaching of Physics’; in the ‘Biblioteca Breve’ [Brief Library] collection, jointly directed by the Ministry of Education and the Institute of Culture and Portuguese Language, he published A física experimental em Portugal no século XVIII [Experimental Physics in Portugal in the 18 th century] (1982); collaborated in the commemorations of the 2 nd centenary of Pombal ’ s death (1982) with the study As ciências exactas no tempo de Pombal [Exact Sciences in the time of Pombal] , included in a commemorative issue of the magazine Brotéria ; during the commemorations of the 2 nd centenary of the Academia das Ciências de Lisboa (1986), at the 1 st Conference on the history of the development of Science in Portugal, he presented the paper ‘ A Física na reforma pombalina ’[Physics in the pombaline reform] . In 1986, the Education Department of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation published one of his most noteworthy studies, his extensive book História do ensino em Portugal. Desde da fundação da nacionalidade até ao fim do regime de Salazar-Caetano [History of Education in Portugal. From the foundation of nationality to the end of the Salazar-Caetano regime] (965 p.), which once again filled a huge gap in Portuguese historiography.

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