This whole project was developed taking into account that the history of education is not limited to the history of teaching and its institutions but is linked to the history of social movements, the political situation and, more directly, the evolutionary process of cultural activities; not only archival material, official publications on teaching and others were researched, but also a vast bibliography that includes specific aspects of Portuguese pedagogical activity from the dawn of nationhood until 25 April 1974.

This was a huge task to provide a comprehensive view of Portuguese education, which is still essential today for students, teachers, researchers , and other scholars in the field and which has been published several times over the years. As an acknowledgement of the research he had conducted into the history of education, Rómulo de Carvalho chaired the last session of the First Meeting on the History of Education in Portugal, held in October 1987 by the Education Department of the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation and the Department of Education of the School of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, which was attended by a very significant number of researchers who had been working on these topics. As far as the history of science is concerned, Rómulo de Carvalho addressed it in various works and also developed specific research, namely during his honoris causa doctorate – Actividades científicas em Portugal no século XVIII [Scientific activities in Portugal in the 18th century] . From the 1950s onwards, Rómulo de Carvalho left us other historical studies, including biographical works on men of science, such as Ferreira da Silva. From Homenagem de ciência e de pensamento 1853-1923 [Tribute to Science and thought 1853-1923] (1953), and Albert Einstein (1879-1955) (1956), to Relações entre Portugal e Rússia no século XVIII [Relations between Portugal and Russia in the 18 th century] Portugal and Russia (1979). In his capacity as a methodological teacher, he left a considerable number of articles published especially in the periodicals Boletim do Ensino Secundário , Gazeta de Física and Palestra and in the daily newspapers , Comércio do Porto [Porto Trade] and Jornal de Notícias . A final word for the book published by the Calouste Gulbenkian Foundation, Origens de Portugal: história contada a uma criança [Origins of Portugal: Story told to a child] (1998), with illustrations by the author himself, written during the Second World War and addressed to his seven-year-old son who had just started primary school.

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