The Republic was responsible for the creation of the current Military History Archive as it is mentioned in in Article 267 in the decree establishing the general organisation of the Army published on 25 May 1911 in the following terms: "The History Archive shall be entrusted with the safe-keeping and catalogue of all historical documents relating to the campaigns in which our army has participated and the colonial wars, as well as all those which, in the future, may be of interest from a bibliographic and military point of view." It further states in its 2^nd paragraph: "The organisation of the history archive shall be established in a special decree." Thus, the staff were silent regarding the history archive and the special decree was not issued until 1921 when decree 7723 was published on 4 October as the "Rules of Procedure for the organisation of the Military History Archive." According to these Rules of Procedure, "all the existing  historical and military documents in the current archives of the General Directorates of the Ministry of War; in the Army and in any other station dependent on the Ministry of War; in the archives of the Ministry of Colonies or any other Ministry would merge with the History Archive".

In February 1923, a Commission appointed to organise the Military History Archive decided that all the so-called "Master Books" (or Registration Records of the Units of the 1^st and 2^nd lines of the Army from 1763, the date of its creation, to its end in 1907), the Lists of Companies, as well as the 4,000 records of deceased officers until 31 December 1850 held in the archive of the 1^st General Directorate of the Ministry of War would be transferred thereto. On 25 February 1924, a new regulation was published due to the experience of two years having "demonstrated the need and convenience of making several changes to the rules and procedures for the organisation of the Military History Archive" by means of decree 9499. In the same year, valuable documentation that had been removed from the former history section of the General Archive of the Ministry of War to the Military Archive, incorporated into the archive of the Inspectorate General of Fortifications and Military Works, was returned to the Archive, although many of the maps, charts, and architectural drawings were not transferred. All the documentation held in the 3^rd Army Division up to December 31 1850, consisting of files and loose documents from the time of the Peninsular War, the Liberal Campaigns, especially the Siege of Porto, and finally, related to various political and military events from 1834 to 1850, was transferred.

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