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Although Joel Serrão was one of Horizonte's main collaborators, his Dicionário da História de Portugal [Dictionary of the History of Portugal]- one of the most important projects in Portuguese historiography, bringing together contributions from the main historians of the time and from some of those who would gain prominence in the following years - would be launched by Iniciativas Editoriais [Editorial Initiatives]. Founded in 1956 by José Fernandes Fafe, Carlos de Oliveira and José Gomes Ferreira - and clearly associated with the opposition to the regime - it focused mainly on literature in the 1960s, and after the 25 April Revolution, its most vigorous period, on political essays. However, it ran into difficulties and closed down in the late 1970s (F. Maués, Idem, 2019, pp. 237-240.)
As far as encyclopaedias are concerned, one of the most renowned companies from the 1960s onwards was Editorial Verbo [Verbo Publishing House], founded by Fernando Guedes (1929-2016) in 1959. Despite its generalist stance, it was also notable in the field of university studies and for the " RTP Books" collection from 1970 onwards, a huge sales success, with print runs in the tens of thousands. But first, in 1963, Verbo began publishing the Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira de Cultura [Luso-Brazilian Encyclopaedia of Culture], followed by Logos, an encyclopaedia of philosophy, Polis, on society and the state, and the Enciclopédia Verbo Juvenil [Verbo Children's Encyclopaedia]. In the field of essays, the Presenças collection would feature names such as Jacinto do Prado Coelho, Joaquim Veríssimo Serrão, Virgínia Rau, José V. de Pina Martins, Manuel Antunes, Maria Helena da Rocha Pereira and others. (A. Anselmo, Idem, 2015, pp. 171-175.)
Some of these projects continued into the post-25 April period, finally free of censorship, while others would end, due to their inability to adapt to the new reality. In the following years, several publishers made a strong name for themselves in the field of history, such as Edições 70 and Estampa, despite having been founded before the revolution. Others continued along the path they had been following, such as Europa-América, Verbo and Livros Horizontes. Others were founded during the democratic era and will leave a considerable mark in years to come, such as Caminho. In addition to these changes, and as a result of the historiographical renewal that was taking place at the time, new general, usually collective histories also appeared in several volumes and on various themes, enjoying enormous sales success, which also extended to both Portuguese and translated works of synthesis.
