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Although it may be said that these were the main institutions engaged in the field of historiographical publishing, they were not the only ones. A noteworthy example in the 20th century is the Academia Portuguesa da História [Portuguese Academy of History]. This institution stood out for its publication of sources (its larger works), often associated with commemorations - or the various university research centres that published the works of their researchers. Another example is the Agência Geral das Colónias/Ultramar [General Agency for the Colonies/Overseas Territories] (and also the Junta de Investigações do Ultramar [Portuguese Overseas Research Board]), whose output was geared towards colonial history, in line with the regime's interests regarding the colonies, publishing studies, sources and dissemination works. Such examples are the Boletim Geral das Colónias/Ultramar [General Bulletin of the Colonies/Overseas Territories] (1925-1969), and collections such as the Documentação para a História das Missões do Padroado Português do Oriente [Documentation for The History of The Missions of The Portuguese Patronage in the East] (1947-1958, in 12 volumes), compiled by António da Silva Rego, and the Monumenta Missionaria Africana, compiled by António Brasio (1952-1988, in 22 volumes; in the Academia Portuguesa de História from volume 12).
While the main features of state publishing are its institutional rationale and frequently absent commercial logic, those of private publishing are precisely the opposite. Apart from situations where the publisher might be led to launch a book with no commercial appeal on the basis of personal taste or a cultural project, the entrepreneur's need for economic survival assumes the adoption of a cold, cost-benefit logic in the decision to advance with a project. A general overview will be provided, since a huge number of publishing houses have published history books at some point (often short-lived) while those that have cultivated a special dedication to history are rare. The scope of this analysis is therefore restricted to focusing on some of the most representative publishers, whether as a result of their longevity (Bertrand, Parceria A. M. Pereira), the popular impact of their project (David Corazzi, Cosmos), the importance they assumed at some point (Ática, Europa-América, Verbo), or the special attention they paid to historiography (Empresa da História de Portugal, Portucalense, Portugália, Livros Horizonte).
