Upon returning to Spain, Altamira began a series of works and activities focused on the history of Spain, its methodological techniques, and the challenges of teaching it. During this time, he also analysed the history of colonisation and the Laws of the Indies, pedagogy, its social applications and scientific dissemination, the national problem and regenerationism, Spanish-Americanism, its expansion and consolidation as a culture of unity, international law and pacifism, as well as literary criticism, narration, and journalism (“Estudio preliminar”, 1988, p. 10). On successive trips abroad, he connected with Hispanists such as the British Fitzmaurice-Kelly, the French Desdevises du Dézert, and the Italian Arturo Farinelli, as well as historians like H. Pirenne and H. Berr. In line with his intellectual interests, he founded and directed the Revista Crítica de Historia y Literatura Españolas [Critical Journal of Spanish History and Literature] in 1895, initially with Luis Ruiz y Contreras and later with Antonio Elías de Molins. The title was later expanded to include Portuguesas e Hispano-Americanas [Portuguese and Spanish-American] ( Diccionario Akal …, 2002, pp. 73-74). This publication was dedicated, "in a special way," to reporting on the books, pamphlets, and articles published in the Peninsula or abroad that addressed the general history or literature of Spain, Portugal, and "the ancient and modern Spanish colonies," as well as scientific facts relevant to this subject. Issues of this magazine featured articles, communications, and news from Spanish, Portuguese, and other writers. Among the Spanish contributors, we can mention Leopoldo Alas, Gumersindo de Azcárate, Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Manuel Bartolomé Cossío, Joaquín Costa, Francisco Giner de los Ríos, Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, Ramón Menéndez Pidal, and Miguel de Unamuno. The first issue of the magazine announced the contributions of Portuguese scholars J. de Araujo, Teófilo Braga, T. Adolpho Coelho, J. García Peres, J. Leite de Vasconcellos, Bernardino Machado, J. Martins Sarmento, and Reis Damaso. The foreign contributors listed included A. Butler Clarke (Oxford), B. Croce (Naples), A. Farinelli, E. Hübner (Berlin), and E. Mérimée (Toulouse) ( Revista crítica de historia y literatura españolas , 1895).

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