General José Justino Teixeira Botelho (1864–1956), a distinguished academic, historian, and translator, collaborated with Eduardo Augusto Ferreira da Costa (1865–1907) and Ayres de Ornelas e Vasconcelos (1866–1930) in founding the Revista do Exército e da Armada [Army and Navy Journal ] (1893–1904), of which they were proprietors. He served as an editor for the Revista Militar and contributed to the Boletim da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa [Bulletin of the Lisbon Academy of Sciences], the Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa [Bulletin of the Lisbon Geographical Society], and the Journal of the Society of Army Historical Research (England), among others. As an author of esteemed historiographical works, his award-winning História Popular da Guerra Peninsular [Popular History of the Peninsular War] (1915) and História Militar e Política dos Portugueses em Moçambique de 1833 aos nossos dias [Military and Political History of the Portuguese in Mozambique from 1833 to the p resent] (1921; 1934; 1936) reflected on Portugal's civilising mission in Africa. Notable among his other works are Novos Subsídios para a História da Artilharia Portuguesa [New Contributions to the History of Portuguese Artillery] (1944–1948). His pioneering contributions to historiography are evident in Tendências da Historiografia Militar em Inglaterra nos últimos anos [Trends in Military Historiography in England in r ecent y ears] (1931). Botelho was a full member of the Lisbon Geographical Society, the Lisbon Academy of Sciences, and one of the first members of the Portuguese Academy of History after its re-establishment in 1936.

It is essential to highlight the distinctive contributions of Colonel of Engineering Rodolfo Ferreira Dias Guimarães (1866–1918), who was more inclined towards mathematical studies and recognised by both national and international scientific communities. He was a true pioneer in historiographical studies in mathematics, as demonstrated in Vida e descendência de Pedro Nunes [The Life and Descendants of Pedro Nunes] (1915), which compiled articles previously published in O Instituto . However, his magnum opus was the French edition , Les Mathématiques en Portugal au XIXe Siècle (1900; 1909–1911), a critical compilation of all mathematical bibliography produced since the foundation of Portuguese nationhood , presented at the Universal Exhibition in Paris (1900).

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